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- ****************************************************
- * Zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases signature *
- ****************************************************
-
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of
- ethanol to acetaldehyde with the concomitant reduction of NAD [1]. Currently
- three, structurally and catalytically, different types of alcohol
- dehydrogenases are known:
-
- - Zinc-containing 'long-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases.
- - Insect-type, or 'short-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases.
- - Iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenases.
-
- Zinc-containing ADH's [2,3] are dimeric or tetrameric enzymes that bind two
- atoms of zinc per subunit. One of the zinc atom is essential for catalytic
- activity while the other is not. Both zinc atoms are coordinated by either
- cysteine or histidine residues; the catalytic zinc is coordinated by two
- cysteines and one histidine. Zinc-containing ADH's are found in bacteria,
- mammals, plants, and in fungi. In most species there are more than one isozyme
- (for example, human have at least six isozymes, yeast have three, etc.). A
- number of other zinc-dependent dehydrogenases are closely related to zinc
- ADH [4], these are:
-
- - Xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) (D-xylulose reductase ).
- - Sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14).
- - Threonine 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.103).
- - Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.195) (CAD) [5]. CAD is a plant
- enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lignin.
- - Pseudomonas putida 5-exo-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.-) [6].
- - Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yjgB.
- - Yeast hypothetical protein YCR105w.
-
- The pattern that we developed to detect this class of enzymes is based on a
- conserved region that includes a histidine residue which is the second ligand
- of the catalytic zinc atom.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-H-E-x(2)-G-x(5)-G-x(2)-[VAC]
- [H is a zinc ligand]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: chicken glutamine synthetase.
-
- -Note: the sequence of lens zeta-crystallin [7] is related to that of zinc-
- containing ADH. But, as the histidine zinc-ligand is replaced by a threonine
- in zeta-crystallin, this pattern will not detect it.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Joernvall H.
- hans.jornvall@k1m.ki.se
- Persson B.
- bengt.persson@embl-heidelberg.de
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Branden C.-I., Joernvall H., Eklund H., Furugren B.
- (In) The Enzymes (3rd edition) 11:104-190(1975).
- [ 2] Joernvall H., Persson B., Jeffery J.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 167:195-201(1987).
- [ 3] Sun H.-W., Plapp B.V.
- J. Mol. Evol. 34:522-535(1992).
- [ 4] Persson B., Hallborn J., Walfridsson M., Hahn-Haegerdal B., Keraenen S.,
- Penttilae M., Joernvall H.
- FEBS Lett. 324:9-14(1993).
- [ 5] Knight M.E., Halpin C., Schuch W.
- Plant Mol. Biol. 19:793-801(1992).
- [ 6] Koga H., Aramaki H., Yamaguchi E., Takeuchi K., Horiuchi T.,
- Gunsalus I.C.
- J. Bacteriol. 166:1089-1095(1986).
- [ 7] Joernvall H., Persson B., Du Bois G., Lavers G.C., Chen J.H.,
- Gonzalez P., Rao P.V., Zigler J.S. Jr.
- FEBS Lett. 322:240-244(1993).
-